Prajñāpāramitāhṛdayasūtra (Heart Sūtra)

Developed by The Research Centre for Translation of Buddhist Texts, HSUHK

Welcome to our interactive version of the Heart Sūtra. The Sanskrit text here has been reconstructed based on examined manuscripts (matching the version Master Xuanzang used for his Chinese translation). Each section provides: the original Sanskrit (reconstructed), Traditional Chinese rendering, an English translation, and a detailed grammatical analysis with audio playback.

Sutra Navigation
1
Title
2
Avalokiteśvara
3
Form & Emptiness
4
Dharma Characteristics
5
No Elements
6
No Consciousness
7
No Knowledge
8
No Attainment
9
No Fear
10
Great Mantra
11
Mantra

第一部分 Part 1: Title

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prajñāpāramitāhṛdayasūtram
中文 Chinese:
般若波羅蜜多心經
英文 English:
Heart Sūtra of Perfect Wisdom
語法分析 Grammatical Analysis:
● prajñāpāramitā-hṛdaya-sūtram (n,sg,nom) -- 般若波羅蜜多心經; Heart Sutra of Perfect Wisdom.
■ prajñā (f) -- 智慧; wisdom.
■ pāramitā (f) -- 波羅蜜多，到彼岸; perfection, crossing over.
■ hṛdaya (n) -- 心，精要; heart, essence.
■ sūtra (n) -- 經; sūtra, discourse.

第二部分 Part 2: Avalokiteśvara's Insight

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āryāvalokiteśvarabodhisattvo gambhīrāṃ prajñāpāramitācaryāṃ caramāṇo vyavalokayati sma pañcaskandhāṃstāṃśca svabhāvaśūnyāṃ paśyati sma
中文 Chinese:
聖觀自在菩薩修行甚深般若波羅蜜多時，觀察五蘊，見到它們自性皆空。
英文 English:
The noble Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva, practicing the profound perfect wisdom, looked upon the five aggregates and saw them to be empty of inherent nature.
語法分析 Grammatical Analysis:
● ārya (adj,m,sg,nom) -- 聖，尊貴的; noble, exalted.
● avalokiteśvara (m,sg,nom) -- 觀自在; Avalokiteśvara (literally "Lord who looks down").
● bodhisattvaḥ (m,sg,nom) -- 菩薩; bodhisattva (being of enlightenment).
■ bodhi (f) -- 覺悟; enlightenment.
■ sattva (m) -- 眾生，有情; being.
● gambhīrām (adj,f,sg,acc) -- 深的，甚深的; profound, deep.
● prajñāpāramitā-caryām (f,sg,acc) -- 般若波羅蜜多行; practice of perfect wisdom.
■ prajñā (f) -- 智慧; wisdom.
■ pāramitā (f) -- 波羅蜜多，到彼岸; perfection, crossing over.
■ caryā (f) -- 行，修行; practice, conduct.
● caramāṇaḥ (ppr,m,sg,nom < √car) -- 修行的，行的; practicing, engaging in.
● vyavalokayati (v,3sg,pres < vi-ava-√lok) -- 觀察，審視; looks at, examines.
● sma (ind) -- [表示過去時]; [past tense marker].
● pañca (num) -- 五; five.
● skandhān (m,pl,acc) -- 蘊，集聚; aggregates.
● tān (pron,m,pl,acc) -- 他們，那些; them, those.
● ca (ind) -- 和，且; and, also.
● svabhāva (m) -- 自性，自體; inherent nature, own-being.
● śūnyān (adj,m,pl,acc) -- 空的; empty.
● paśyati (v,3sg,pres < √paś) -- 看見，見到; sees, perceives.
● sma (ind) -- [表示過去時]; [past tense marker].

第三部分 Part 3: Form is Emptiness

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iha śāriputra rūpaṃ śūnyāṃ śūnyataiva rūpaṃ rūpānna pṛthak śūnyatā śūnyatāyā na pṛthagrūpaṃ yadrūpaṃ sā śūnyatā yā śūnyatā sa rūpaṃ evameva vedanāsaṃjñāsaṃskāravijñānam
中文 Chinese:
在此，舍利子，色即是空，空即是色，色不離空，空不離色，色就是空，空就是色。受、想、行、識也是如此。
英文 English:
Here, Śāriputra, form is emptiness, emptiness is form; form is not separate from emptiness, emptiness is not separate from form; whatever is form, that is emptiness, whatever is emptiness, that is form. The same applies to feelings, perceptions, formations, and consciousness.
語法分析 Grammatical Analysis:
● iha (ind) -- 在此，於此; here, in this context.
● śāriputra (m,sg,voc) -- 舍利子，舍利弗; Śāriputra (name of Buddha's disciple).
● rūpam (n,sg,nom) -- 色，物質形態; form, materiality.
● śūnyam (adj,n,sg,nom) -- 空的; empty.
● śūnyatā (f,sg,nom) -- 空性，空; emptiness.
● eva (ind) -- 就是，即是; indeed, exactly.
● rūpam (n,sg,nom) -- 色，物質形態; form, materiality.
● rūpāt (n,sg,abl) -- 從色; from form.
● na (ind) -- 不，沒有; not, no.
● pṛthak (ind) -- 分離，不同; separate, different.
● śūnyatā (f,sg,nom) -- 空性，空; emptiness.
● śūnyatāyāḥ (f,sg,abl) -- 從空性; from emptiness.
● na (ind) -- 不，沒有; not, no.
● pṛthak (ind) -- 分離，不同; separate, different.
● rūpam (n,sg,nom) -- 色，物質形態; form, materiality.
● yat (pron,n,sg,nom) -- 什麼，任何; what, whatever.
● rūpam (n,sg,nom) -- 色，物質形態; form, materiality.
● sā (pron,f,sg,nom) -- 那，她; that, she.
● śūnyatā (f,sg,nom) -- 空性，空; emptiness.
● yā (pron,f,sg,nom) -- 什麼，任何; what, whatever.
● śūnyatā (f,sg,nom) -- 空性，空; emptiness.
● sa (pron,m,sg,nom) -- 那，他; that, he.
● rūpam (n,sg,nom) -- 色，物質形態; form, materiality.
● evam eva (ind) -- 就是這樣，同樣的; thus indeed, in the same way.
● vedanā (f,sg,nom) -- 受，感受; feeling, sensation.
● saṃjñā (f,sg,nom) -- 想，認知; perception, conception.
● saṃskāra (m,sg,nom) -- 行，意志力; formations, volitional impulses.
● vijñānam (n,sg,nom) -- 識，意識; consciousness.

第四部分 Part 4: Characteristics of All Dharmas

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iha śāriputra sarvadharmāḥ śūnyatālakṣaṇā anutpannā aniruddhā amalā avimalā anūnā aparipūrṇāḥ
中文 Chinese:
在此，舍利子，一切法都是空性相，不生不滅，不垢不淨，不增不減。
英文 English:
Here, Śāriputra, all dharmas are characterized by emptiness, neither arising nor ceasing, neither defiled nor pure, neither deficient nor complete.
語法分析 Grammatical Analysis:
● iha (ind) -- 在此，於此; here, in this context.
● śāriputra (m,sg,voc) -- 舍利子，舍利弗; Śāriputra (name of Buddha's disciple).
● sarva (adj) -- 一切，全部; all, every.
● dharmāḥ (m,pl,nom) -- 法，現象; dharmas, phenomena.
● śūnyatā-lakṣaṇāḥ (adj,m,pl,nom) -- 具有空性特徵的; characterized by emptiness.
■ śūnyatā (f) -- 空性; emptiness.
■ lakṣaṇa (n) -- 特徵，相; characteristic, mark.
● anutpannāḥ (adj,m,pl,nom) -- 不生的; not arising, unproduced.
■ an- (pfx) -- 不，無; not, non-.
■ utpanna (pp < ut-√pad) -- 生起的，產生的; arisen, produced.
● aniruddhāḥ (adj,m,pl,nom) -- 不滅的; not ceasing, not destroyed.
■ an- (pfx) -- 不，無; not, non-.
■ niruddha (pp < ni-√rudh) -- 滅的，止息的; ceased, destroyed.
● amalāḥ (adj,m,pl,nom) -- 無垢的，不染的; not defiled, unstained.
■ a- (pfx) -- 無，不; not, non-.
■ mala (n) -- 垢，染污; defilement, stain.
● avimalāḥ (adj,m,pl,nom) -- 不淨的，非清淨的; not pure.
■ a- (pfx) -- 不，非; not, non-.
■ vimala (adj) -- 淨，清淨的; pure, clean.
● anūnāḥ (adj,m,pl,nom) -- 不減的，不缺的; not deficient, not lacking.
■ an- (pfx) -- 不，非; not, non-.
■ ūna (adj) -- 減少的，缺少的; deficient, lacking.
● aparipūrṇāḥ (adj,m,pl,nom) -- 不滿的，不增的; not complete, not full.
■ a- (pfx) -- 不，非; not, non-.
■ paripūrṇa (adj) -- 圓滿的，完全的; complete, full.

第五部分 Part 5: No Elements in Emptiness

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tasmācchāriputra śūnyatāyāṃ na rūpaṃ na vedanā na saṃjñā na saṃskārā na vijñānaṃ na cakṣuḥśrotraghrāṇajihvākāyamanasi na rūpaśabdagandharasaspraṣṭavyadharmaḥ
中文 Chinese:
因此，舍利子，在空性中沒有色，沒有受、想、行、識，沒有眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意，沒有色、聲、香、味、觸、法。
英文 English:
Therefore, Śāriputra, in emptiness there is no form, no feeling, no perception, no formation, no consciousness; no eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, mind; no form, sound, smell, taste, touch, dharma.
語法分析 Grammatical Analysis:
● tasmāt (ind) -- 因此，所以; therefore, thus.
● śāriputra (m,sg,voc) -- 舍利子，舍利弗; Śāriputra (name of Buddha's disciple).
● śūnyatāyām (f,sg,loc) -- 在空性中; in emptiness.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● rūpam (n,sg,nom) -- 色，物質形態; form, materiality.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● vedanā (f,sg,nom) -- 受，感受; feeling, sensation.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● saṃjñā (f,sg,nom) -- 想，認知; perception, conception.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● saṃskārāḥ (m,pl,nom) -- 行，意志力; formations, volitional impulses.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● vijñānam (n,sg,nom) -- 識，意識; consciousness.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● cakṣus (n,sg,nom) -- 眼; eye.
● śrotra (n,sg,nom) -- 耳; ear.
● ghrāṇa (n,sg,nom) -- 鼻; nose.
● jihvā (f,sg,nom) -- 舌; tongue.
● kāya (m,sg,nom) -- 身; body.
● manāṃsi (n,pl,nom) -- 意; mind.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● rūpa (n,sg,nom) -- 色，形態; form, visible object.
● śabda (m,sg,nom) -- 聲，聲音; sound.
● gandha (m,sg,nom) -- 香，氣味; smell, odor.
● rasa (m,sg,nom) -- 味，味道; taste, flavor.
● spraṣṭavya (n,sg,nom) -- 觸，可觸物; tangible object.
● dharmāḥ (m,pl,nom) -- 法，法境; dharmas, mental objects.

第六部分 Part 6: No Consciousness Elements

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na cakṣurdhāturyāvanna manovijñānaṃdhātuḥ
中文 Chinese:
沒有眼界，一直到沒有意識界。
英文 English:
No eye-element, up to no mind-consciousness element.
語法分析 Grammatical Analysis:
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● cakṣus-dhātuḥ (m,sg,nom) -- 眼界; eye-element.
■ cakṣus (n) -- 眼; eye.
■ dhātu (m) -- 界，要素; element, realm.
● yāvat (ind) -- 直到，乃至; up to, as far as.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● mano-vijñāna-dhātuḥ (m,sg,nom) -- 意識界; mind-consciousness element.
■ manas (n) -- 意; mind.
■ vijñāna (n) -- 識，意識; consciousness.
■ dhātu (m) -- 界，要素; element, realm.

第七部分 Part 7: No Knowledge or Ignorance

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na vidyā nāvidyā na vidyākṣayo nāvidyākṣayo yāvanna jarāmaraṇaṃ na jarāmaraṇakṣayo na duḥkhasamudayanirodhamārgāṇā na jñānaṃ na prāptir nābhisamayaḥ
中文 Chinese:
沒有明，也沒有無明，沒有明盡，也沒有無明盡，一直到沒有老死，也沒有老死盡。沒有苦、集、滅、道，沒有智，沒有得，也沒有證悟。
英文 English:
No knowledge, no ignorance, no ending of knowledge, no ending of ignorance, up to no aging and death, no ending of aging and death. No suffering, origin, cessation, or path; no wisdom, no attainment, no realization.
語法分析 Grammatical Analysis:
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● vidyā (f,sg,nom) -- 明，知識; knowledge, understanding.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● avidyā (f,sg,nom) -- 無明，無知; ignorance.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● vidyā-kṣayaḥ (m,sg,nom) -- 明盡，知識的終結; ending of knowledge.
■ vidyā (f) -- 明，知識; knowledge.
■ kṣaya (m) -- 盡，窮盡; ending, exhaustion.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● avidyā-kṣayaḥ (m,sg,nom) -- 無明盡，無知的終結; ending of ignorance.
■ avidyā (f) -- 無明; ignorance.
■ kṣaya (m) -- 盡，窮盡; ending, exhaustion.
● yāvat (ind) --.直到，乃至; up to, as far as.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● jarā-maraṇam (n,sg,nom) -- 老死; aging and death.
■ jarā (f) -- 老，衰老; aging, old age.
■ maraṇa (n) -- 死，死亡; death.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● jarā-maraṇa-kṣayaḥ (m,sg,nom) -- 老死盡; ending of aging and death.
■ jarā (f) -- 老; aging.
■ maraṇa (n) -- 死; death.
■ kṣaya (m) -- 盡，窮盡; ending, exhaustion.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● duḥkha (n,sg,nom) -- 苦; suffering.
● samudaya (m,sg,nom) -- 集，起源; origin, arising.
● nirodha (m,sg,nom) -- 滅，止息; cessation, stopping.
● mārgāḥ (m,pl,nom) -- 道，路徑; path, way.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● jñānam (n,sg,nom) -- 智，智慧; wisdom, knowledge.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● prāptiḥ (f,sg,nom) -- 得，獲得; attainment, acquisition.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● abhisamayaḥ (m,sg,nom) -- 現觀，證悟; realization, comprehension.

第八部分 Part 8: No Attainment

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tasmānna prāptitvāt bodhisattvānāṃ prajñāpāramitāmāśritya viharatyacittāvaraṇaḥ
中文 Chinese:
因此，由於沒有所得，菩薩依靠般若波羅蜜多而安住，心中沒有障礙。
英文 English:
Therefore, because there is no attainment, the bodhisattvas, relying on Perfect Wisdom, dwell without mental obstruction.
語法分析 Grammatical Analysis:
● tasmāt (ind) -- 因此，所以; therefore, thus.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● prāptitvāt (n,sg,abl) -- 因為沒有所得; because of non-attainment.
■ prāpti (f) -- 得，獲得; attainment.
■ -tva (suff) -- 性，狀態; -ness, state of being.
● bodhisattvānām (m,pl,gen) -- 菩薩的; of bodhisattvas.
■ bodhi (f) -- 覺悟; enlightenment.
■ sattva (m) -- 眾生，有情; being.
● prajñāpāramitām (f,sg,acc) -- 般若波羅蜜多; Perfect Wisdom.
■ prajñā (f) -- 智慧; wisdom.
■ pāramitā (f) -- 波羅蜜多，到彼岸; perfection, crossing over.
● āśritya (abs < ā-√śri) -- 依靠，依止; relying on, resorting to.
● viharati (v,3sg,pres < vi-√hṛ) -- 安住，居住; dwells, abides.
● a-citta-āvaraṇaḥ (adj,m,sg,nom) -- 心無障礙的; without mental obstruction.
■ a- (pfx) -- 無，不; without, non-.
■ citta (n) -- 心; mind.
■ āvaraṇa (n) -- 障礙，蓋障; obstruction, hindrance.

第九部分 Part 9: No Fear

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cittaraṇanāstitvāt natrasto viparyāsātikrānto niṣṭhanirvāṇaṃ tryadhvavyavasthitāḥ sarvabuddhāḥ prajñāpāramitāmāśrityānuttarāḥ samyaksaṃbodhimabhisaṃbuddhāḥ
中文 Chinese:
由於心無障礙，所以沒有恐懼，遠離顛倒妄想，最終達到涅槃。三世諸佛都是依靠般若波羅蜜多，證得無上正等正覺。
英文 English:
Because of the absence of mental obstruction, there is no fear; transcending falsity, they reach the end, nirvana. All buddhas of the three times, relying on Perfect Wisdom, have attained unsurpassed, perfect enlightenment.
語法分析 Grammatical Analysis:
● citta-āvaraṇa-nāstitvāt (n,sg,abl) -- 因為心障礙不存在; because of the absence of mental obstruction.
■ citta (n) -- 心; mind.
■ āvaraṇa (n) -- 障礙; obstruction.
■ nāstitva (n) -- 不存在性; non-existence.
● na (ind) -- 沒有，不; no, not.
● trastaḥ (adj,m,sg,nom) -- 恐懼的，害怕的; fearful, afraid.
● viparyāsa-atikrāntaḥ (adj,m,sg,nom) -- 超越顛倒的; transcending falsity.
■ viparyāsa (m) -- 顛倒，錯誤; falsity, perversion.
■ atikrānta (pp < ati-√kram) -- 超越的，越過的; transcending, going beyond.
● niṣṭha-nirvāṇam (n,sg,acc) -- 究竟涅槃; final nirvana.
■ niṣṭha (adj) -- 最終的，究竟的; final, ultimate.
■ nirvāṇa (n) -- 涅槃; nirvana, extinction.
● tri-adhva-vyavasthitāḥ (adj,m,pl,nom) -- 安住在三世的; established in the three times.
■ tri (num) -- 三; three.
■ adhva (m) -- 世，時期; time, period.
■ vyavasthita (pp < vi-ava-√sthā) -- 安住的，確立的; established, abiding.
● sarva-buddhāḥ (m,pl,nom) -- 一切佛; all buddhas.
■ sarva (adj) -- 一切的，全部的; all, every.
■ buddha (m) -- 佛，覺者; buddha, awakened one.
● prajñāpāramitām (f,sg,acc) -- 般若波羅蜜多; Perfect Wisdom.
■ prajñā (f) -- 智慧; wisdom.
■ pāramitā (f) -- 波羅蜜多，到彼岸; perfection, crossing over.
● āśritya (abs < ā-√śri) -- 依靠，依止; relying on, resorting to.
● anuttarām (adj,f,sg,acc) -- 無上的; unsurpassed.
■ an- (pfx) -- 無，不; without, non-.
■ uttara (adj) -- 更高的，上的; higher, superior.
● samyak-saṃbodhim (f,sg,acc) -- 正等正覺; perfect enlightenment.
■ samyak (adv) -- 正，正確的; right, correct.
■ saṃbodhi (f) -- 等正覺，圓滿覺悟; perfect enlightenment.
● abhisaṃbuddhāḥ (pp,m,pl,nom < abhi-sam-√budh) -- 已證得的; have attained, have realized.

第十部分 Part 10: The Great Mantra

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tasmājjñātavyaḥ prajñāpāramitā mahāmantro mahāvidyāmantraḥ anuttaramantraḥ asamasatamantraḥ sarvaduḥkhapraśanaḥ satyamamithyatvāt prajñāpāramitāmukto mantraḥ
中文 Chinese:
因此，應當知道般若波羅蜜多是大神咒，是大明咒，是無上咒，是無等等咒，能夠消除一切痛苦，真實不虛。所以宣說般若波羅蜜多咒：
英文 English:
Therefore, know that Perfect Wisdom is the great mantra, the great wisdom mantra, the unsurpassed mantra, the unequalled mantra, which removes all suffering; it is true because it is not false. The mantra of Perfect Wisdom is proclaimed:
語法分析 Grammatical Analysis:
● tasmāt (ind) -- 因此，所以; therefore, thus.
● jñātavyaḥ (gdv,m,sg,nom < √jñā) -- 應當知道的; should be known.
● prajñāpāramitā (f,sg,nom) -- 般若波羅蜜多; Perfect Wisdom.
■ prajñā (f) -- 智慧; wisdom.
■ pāramitā (f) -- 波羅蜜多，到彼岸; perfection, crossing over.
● mahā-mantraḥ (m,sg,nom) -- 大神咒; great mantra.
■ mahā (adj) -- 大的，偉大的; great, big.
■ mantra (m) -- 神咒，真言; mantra, sacred formula.
● mahā-vidyā-mantraḥ (m,sg,nom) -- 大明咒; great wisdom mantra.
■ mahā (adj) -- 大的; great.
■ vidyā (f) -- 明，知識; wisdom, knowledge.
■ mantra (m) -- 神咒; mantra.
● anuttara-mantraḥ (m,sg,nom) -- 無上咒; unsurpassed mantra.
■ an-uttara (adj) -- 無上的，最高的; unsurpassed, supreme.
■ mantra (m) -- 神咒; mantra.
● asama-sama-mantraḥ (m,sg,nom) -- 無等等咒; unequalled mantra.
■ a-sama (adj) -- 無等的，無比的; unequalled, peerless.
■ sama (adj) -- 等同的，相等的; equal, same.
■ mantra (m) -- 神咒; mantra.
● sarva-duḥkha-praśamanaḥ (adj,m,sg,nom) -- 能平息一切痛苦的; which removes all suffering.
■ sarva (adj) -- 一切的，全部的; all, every.
■ duḥkha (n) -- 苦，痛苦; suffering, pain.
■ praśamana (adj) -- 平息的，消除的; removing, pacifying.
● satyam (n,sg,nom) -- 真實; true, truthful.
● amithyatvāt (n,sg,abl) -- 因為不虛妄; because of not being false.
■ a- (pfx) -- 不，非; not, non-.
■ mithyātva (n) -- 虛妄性，虛假性; falsity, falsehood.
● prajñāpāramitāyām (f,sg,loc) -- 在般若波羅蜜多中; in Perfect Wisdom.
● uktaḥ (pp,m,sg,nom < √vac) -- 所說的; proclaimed, spoken.
● mantraḥ (m,sg,nom) -- 神咒; mantra.

第十一部分 Part 11: The Mantra

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tadyathā gate gate pāragate pārasaṃgate bodhi svāhā
中文 Chinese:
咒語如下：揭諦揭諦，波羅揭諦，波羅僧揭諦，菩提薩婆訶。
英文 English:
Thus: Gone, gone, gone beyond, gone completely beyond, awakening, svāhā!
語法分析 Grammatical Analysis:
● tat-yathā (ind) -- 如此，即; thus, namely.
■ tat (pron) -- 那; that.
■ yathā (ind) -- 如，像; as, like.
● gate (pp,f,sg,voc < √gam) -- 已去; gone.
● gate (pp,f,sg,voc < √gam) -- 已去; gone.
● pāra-gate (pp,f,sg,voc < pāra-√gam) -- 已到彼岸; gone beyond.
■ pāra (n) -- 彼岸，對岸; beyond, far shore.
■ gata (pp < √gam) -- 已去; gone.
● pāra-saṃgate (pp,f,sg,voc < pāra-sam-√gam) -- 已完全到彼岸; gone completely beyond.
■ pāra (n) -- 彼岸; beyond.
■ saṃgata (pp < sam-√gam) -- 已完全去; completely gone.
● bodhi (f,sg,loc) -- 菩提，覺悟; awakening, enlightenment.
● svāhā (ind) -- 薩婆訶（表示吉祥成就）; svāhā (auspicious completion).